cdna ends  (TaKaRa)

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: The strictly conserved GGG-tracts in the 5’ and 3’ long terminal repeat of HIV-1 are critical to control multiple steps of HIV-1 replication to prevent acquisition of unwanted mutations in the region

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.24.720579

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) A schematic represents 5’ RACE analyses and provirus analyses. 293T cells were transfected with an HIV-1 clone plasmid (pNL4-3EGFP ΔenvΔnef WT or mutant plasmid) and pMISSION-VSV-G to produce the VSV-G-pseudotyped HIV-1. Genomic RNAs in the particles were purified and subsequently subjected to 5’ RACE. For provirus analyses, MT-4 cells were exposed with supernatant containing the VSV-G-pseudotyped virus. Genomic DNA containing HIV-1 provirus were purified from MT-4 cells. (B) Results of 5’ RACE analyses are shown. 5’RACE of purified RNA from the VSV-G-pseudotyped virus particles were done for the AAA-AAA mutant virus (n=34 clones). Nucleotides different from the input plasmid for producing particles ( and ) are highlighted as bold characters. Hyphens are used for forms not observed in the analyses. (C) HIV-1 reverse-transcriptase has been reported to have the ability to overcome mismatched 3’ termini between a template RNA and minus-strand strong-stop cDNA (-sscDNA). A schematic based on the knowledge represents predicted reverse-transcription processes to generate unexpected proviral sequences (AC A AAA; the region of the tract is highlighted with an underline) with the 4A form template RNA. Genomic RNAs, DNAs, acquired mutations and tRNAs are drawn in black, blue, red and green, respectively. (D-E) Results of 5’ RACE analyses are shown as described in . The analyses of purified RNA from the particles were done for the CCC-CCC (C; n=34 clones) or the TTT-TTT mutant virus (D; n=34 clones).

Article Snippet: Five-prime rapid amplification of cDNA end (5’ RACE) analyses of RNAs purified from mutant virus particles revealed multiple RNA variants with 5’ terminal sequences differing from the plasmid used for producing the particles.

Techniques: Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Mutagenesis, Purification, Virus, Clone Assay, Reverse Transcription

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: The strictly conserved GGG-tracts in the 5’ and 3’ long terminal repeat of HIV-1 are critical to control multiple steps of HIV-1 replication to prevent acquisition of unwanted mutations in the region

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.24.720579

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Nucleotide sequences of the CCC-AAA, CCC-GGG and CCC-TTT mutants of NL4-3EGFP ΔenvΔnef are shown as described in . (B) Results of 5’ RACE analyses are shown as described in . 5’ RACE analyses of purified RNA from the particles were done as described in for the CCC-AAA (left panels; n=38 clones), the CCC-GGG (center panels; n=40 clones) and the CCC-TTT mutant virus (right panels; n=39 clones).

Article Snippet: Five-prime rapid amplification of cDNA end (5’ RACE) analyses of RNAs purified from mutant virus particles revealed multiple RNA variants with 5’ terminal sequences differing from the plasmid used for producing the particles.

Techniques: Purification, Clone Assay, Mutagenesis, Virus

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: The strictly conserved GGG-tracts in the 5’ and 3’ long terminal repeat of HIV-1 are critical to control multiple steps of HIV-1 replication to prevent acquisition of unwanted mutations in the region

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.24.720579

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Nucleotide sequences of the GGG-AAA, GGG-CCC and GGG-TTT mutants of NL4-3EGFP ΔenvΔnef are shown as described in . (B-D) Results of 5’ RACE analyses are shown as described in . 5’ RACE analyses of purified RNA from the particles were done as described in for the GGG-AAA (B; n=43 clones), the GGG-CCC (C; n=40 clones) and the GGG-TTT mutant virus (D; n=38 clones).

Article Snippet: Five-prime rapid amplification of cDNA end (5’ RACE) analyses of RNAs purified from mutant virus particles revealed multiple RNA variants with 5’ terminal sequences differing from the plasmid used for producing the particles.

Techniques: Purification, Clone Assay, Mutagenesis, Virus

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Serendipitous Hinge Modulation Hypothetically Reprograms Caerin 1.1-LC Antibacterial Mechanism and Gram-Negative Selectivity

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17111500

Figure Lengend Snippet: The nucleotide sequence and translated ORF amino acids of a cDNA encoding a novel peptide from L. caerulea skin secretions. The nucleotide sequence of the signal peptide is double-underlined. The nucleotide sequence of mature peptide Caerin 1.1-LC is single-underlined and marked in yellow. The stop codon is indicated by an asterisk.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, a cDNA library was constructed with the SMARTer ® Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) 5′/3′ Kit (Clontech, Mountain View, CA, USA).

Techniques: Sequencing